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	<title>xenin3</title>
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	<link>http://xenin3.com</link>
	<description>Hanya sekedar coretan</description>
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		<item>
		<title>Email dan Penggunaan Telnet Mail</title>
		<link>http://xenin3.com/header-email-dan-penggunaan-telnet-mail/</link>
		<comments>http://xenin3.com/header-email-dan-penggunaan-telnet-mail/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 17 Nov 2011 02:59:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>xenin3</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT Security]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://xenin3.com/?p=167</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Pengiriman Mail Attachment Pada tugas pertama, akan dikirimkan email kepada diri sendiri dan disertakan dua file attachment dari microsoft word (.docx). Aplikasi yang digunakan dalam tugas ini adalah mozilla thunderbird 8.0 Pada email yang diterima, dapat dilihat informasi detail mengenai jalur yang diterima dari email tersebut. Pada source email, dapat dilihat boundary (batasan) dari file [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><strong>Pengiriman Mail Attachment</strong></em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada tugas pertama, akan dikirimkan email kepada diri sendiri dan disertakan dua file attachment dari microsoft word (.docx). Aplikasi yang digunakan dalam tugas ini adalah mozilla thunderbird 8.0<span id="more-167"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-168" title="mail attachment" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Gambar.jpg" alt="mail attachment" width="812" height="321" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada email yang diterima, dapat dilihat informasi detail mengenai jalur yang diterima dari email tersebut.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-169" title="source email" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/gambar-2.jpg" alt="source email" width="861" height="510" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada source email, dapat dilihat boundary (batasan) dari file attachment yang dikirimkan serta kode ascii dari file tersebut.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-170" title="header attachment" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/gambar-3.jpg" alt="header attachment" width="861" height="566" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Selain itu, hal yang sama juga terdapat boundary (batasan) antara file attachment yang pertama dengan file yang kedua.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-171" title="attachment file2" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/gambar-4.jpg" alt="" width="862" height="357" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><strong>Telnet Mail</strong></em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Untuk tugas kedua, akan dikirimkan kepada email diri sendiri dengan menggunakan fasilitas telnet. Untuk melakukannnya maka dilakukan telnet pada mx1.itb.ac.id pada jaringan internal ITB.</p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><strong>telnet mx1.itb.ac.id 25</strong></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Setelah proses telnet berhasil dilakukan maka pertama kali dilakukan perintah helo.</p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><strong>helo mx1.itb.ac.id</strong></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Kemudian, ditentukan email sumber dan email yang akan dituju</p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><strong>mail from: ahmad.firmansyah@students.itb.ac.id</strong></li>
<li><strong>rcpt to: ahmad.firmansyah@students.itb.ac.id</strong></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Langkah terakhir adalah menjalankan perintah &#8220;<strong>DATA</strong>&#8221; dan dimasukkan isi dari email yang akan dikirimkan. Selain menuliskan isi email maka pengiriman email akan dilakukan modifikasi dimana email yang dikirimkan seolah-olah berasal dari <strong>administrator</strong> yang memiliki email <strong>admin@mail.com</strong>, dengan subjek &#8220;<strong>warning</strong>&#8220;.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>DATA</strong><strong></strong></li>
<li><strong>from: administrator &lt;admin@mail.com&gt;</strong><strong></strong></li>
<li><strong>to: ahmad.firmansyah@students.itb.ac.id</strong><strong></strong></li>
<li><strong>subject: warning</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>this is email warning to you</strong></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-172" title="telnet mail" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/tugas-2.jpg" alt="" width="666" height="419" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Setelah email dikirimkan, maka dapat dilihat bahwa email tersebut diterima dan berasal dari administrator dengan email &#8220;admin@mail.com&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-173" title="receiveid email" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/tugas-3-1024x491.jpg" alt="" width="1024" height="491" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-182" title="telnet mail" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/tugas-41.jpg" alt="" width="1024" height="225" /></p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Steganography</title>
		<link>http://xenin3.com/steganography/</link>
		<comments>http://xenin3.com/steganography/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2011 14:05:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>xenin3</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT Security]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://xenin3.com/?p=154</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Steganografi adalah seni dan ilmu menulis pesan tersembunyi atau menyembunyikan pesan dengan suatu cara sehingga selain si pengirim dan si penerima, tidak ada seorangpun yang mengetahui atau menyadari bahwa ada suatu pesan rahasia. Pada umumnya, pesan steganografi muncul dengan bentuk seperti gambar, artikel, daftar belanjaan, atau pesan-pesan lainnya. Pesan yang tersembunyi biasanya tidak dapat terlihat [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Steganografi adalah seni dan ilmu menulis pesan tersembunyi atau menyembunyikan pesan dengan suatu cara sehingga selain si pengirim dan si penerima, tidak ada seorangpun yang mengetahui atau menyadari bahwa ada suatu pesan rahasia.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada umumnya, pesan steganografi muncul dengan bentuk seperti gambar, artikel, daftar belanjaan, atau pesan-pesan lainnya. Pesan yang tersembunyi biasanya tidak dapat terlihat secara sekilas. Contohnya, suatu pesan bisa disembunyikan dengan menggunakan tinta yang tidak terlihat di antara garis-garis yang kosong.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Teknik steganografi meliputi berbagai metode komunikasi untuk menyembunyikan pesan rahasia (teks atau gambar) di dalam berkas-berkas lain yang mengandung teks, image, bahkan audio tanpa menunjukkan ciri-ciri perubahan kualitas dan struktur secara nyata dari berkas semula. Metode ini termasuk kata yang tidak tampak, pengaturan kata, tanda tangan digital, lajur-lajur tersembunyi dan sebagainya.<span id="more-154"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tujuan dari steganografi adalah merahasiakan atau menyembunyikan keberadaan dari sebuah pesan tersembunyi atau sebuah informasi. Dalam prakteknya, kebanyakan pesan disembunyikan dengan membuat sedikit perubahan terhadap berkas yang digunakan sebagai media. Isinya tidak akan menarik perhatian dari penyerang (attacker), seperti sebuah gambar yang terlihat tidak berbahaya.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada tugas kali ini, akan digunakan teknik steganography dengan menggunakan tool yang terdapat pada ubuntu yang secara khusus dibuat untuk steganography bernama steghide.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-159" title="steghide" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/steghide.jpg" alt="" width="662" height="264" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pesan yang akan disembunyikan adalah <strong>&#8220;mana beasiswaku&#8221;</strong> yang disimpan dalam file <strong>pesan.txt</strong>. Sedangkan media komunikasi yang digunakan adalah gambar <strong>media.jpg</strong> sebagai berikut:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-158" title="media" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/media.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="493" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dengan menggunakan steghide dilakukan perintah penyembunyian pesan.txt pada media.jpg,</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-160" title="embed" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/embed.jpg" alt="" width="662" height="162" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Hasil dari proses tersebut adalah berupa gambar baru yang bernama <strong>stegno.jpg</strong>, sebagai berikut:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-161" title="stego" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/stego.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="493" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dapat dilihat pada file media.jpg dan stego.jpg tidak terdapat perbedaan yang jelas bahkan cenderung mirip satu sama lain.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sebelum dilakukan ekstraksi terhadap isi pesan, dengan menggunakan steghide dapat dilihat informasi yang terdapat pada <strong>stego.jpg</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-162" title="info" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/info.jpg" alt="" width="662" height="248" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada gambar diatas terlihat bahwa pada gambar stego.jpp telah terdapat file dengan nama pesan.txt</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Untuk melihat pesan yang tersembunyi pada stego.jpg maka dilakukan perintah ekstaksi sebagai berikut:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-163" title="extract" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/extract.jpg" alt="" width="663" height="133" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Hasil dari perintah tersebut adalah akan ada satu file <strong>pesan.txt</strong> yang isinya <strong>&#8220;mana beasiswaku&#8221;</strong> sesuai dengan proses steganography yang dilakukan sebelumnya.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Deteksi Port Scanning</title>
		<link>http://xenin3.com/deteksi-port-scanning/</link>
		<comments>http://xenin3.com/deteksi-port-scanning/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Oct 2011 10:50:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>xenin3</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT Security]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://xenin3.com/?p=143</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Port scanning adalah metode, perilaku atau tindakan yang dilakukan untuk mencari kemungkinan adanya port yang terbuka. Untuk menjalankan aksinya port scanning membutuhkan alat yang disebut port scanner. Port scanner adalah aplikasi khusus yang memang didesain untuk menyelidiki port-port yang terbuka pada suatu host atau network tertentu. Biasanya port scanning dilakukan oleh administrator jaringan agar dapat [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Port scanning adalah metode, perilaku atau tindakan yang dilakukan untuk mencari kemungkinan adanya port yang terbuka. Untuk menjalankan aksinya port scanning membutuhkan alat yang disebut port scanner. Port scanner adalah aplikasi khusus yang memang didesain untuk menyelidiki port-port yang terbuka pada suatu host atau network tertentu. Biasanya port scanning dilakukan oleh administrator jaringan agar dapat melakukan verifikasi kebijakan keamanan yang diterapkan pada jaringannya atau oleh attacker untuk mengidentifikasi service yang berjalan pada suatu host agar dapat dicari kelemahan pada host tersebut.<span id="more-143"></span>  Pada tugas kali ini, akan dilakukan simulasi port scanning dan bagaimana mengidentifikasikannya.<br />
Untuk melakukan port scanning, peralatan yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:</p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>VMWare Workstation untuk membuat virtual LAN antara dua host virtual.</li>
<li>nmap untuk melakukan port scanning</li>
<li>wireshark versi 1.6.2 untuk mendeteksi adanya port scanning yang dilakukan host tertentu</li>
<li>OS Ubuntu versi 10 digunakan sebagai virtual OS yang dijalankan melalui VMWare</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Topologi virtual LAN yang dibangun dengan menggunakan VMWare adalah sebagai berikut:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Drawing1.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-145 aligncenter" title="Drawing1" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Drawing1.jpg" alt="" width="1020" height="482" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada VMWare dilakukan instalasi dua host dengan menggunakan OS Ubuntu 10.0 dimana host 192.168.58.128 diinstall nmap untuk melakukan port scanning terhadap host 192.168.58.129. OS Utama diberi alamat 192.168.58.1 dan berfungsi sebagai default gateway bagi virtual LAN, dan diinstall wireshark untuk melakukan monitoring terhadap usaha port scanning.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada host 192.168.58.128 dilakukan port scanning pada semua port ftp untuk host 192.168.58.129 dengan menggunakan perintah</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><strong>nmap -p1-65535 -T4 -A -v 192.168.58.129</strong></em><br />
<a href="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/nmap2.png"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-149" title="nmap" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/nmap2.png" alt="" width="800" height="600" /></a></p>
<p>Berdasarkan hasil port scanning diketahui bahwa pada host 192.168.58.129 semua port ftp dalam keadaan tertutup.</p>
<p>Pada host 192.168.58.1 yang berfungsi sebagai gateway pada virtual LAN dijalankan wireshark dan diperoleh informasi atas usaha port scanning yang dilakukan yaitu berupa paket-paket yang dikirimkan secara simultan oleh host 192.168.58.128 dengan tujuan host 192.168.58.129.<br />
<a href="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/wireshark.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-151" title="wireshark" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/wireshark-1024x442.jpg" alt="" width="1024" height="442" /></a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Tugas Investigasi DNS</title>
		<link>http://xenin3.com/tugas-investigasi-dns/</link>
		<comments>http://xenin3.com/tugas-investigasi-dns/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Oct 2011 07:22:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>xenin3</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MX]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NS]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://xenin3.com/?p=96</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Pada tugas kali ini, diperintahkan untuk melakukan investigasi DNS terhadap domain detik.com dan itb.ac.id Siapa pendaftar domain tersebut via whois Untuk mencari pendaftar domain tersebut, dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan website http://www.who.is Dengan mengetikkan domain yang akan dicari website who.is maka akan diperoleh data mengenai pendaftar domain tersebut Pada domain detik.com via who.is diperoleh informasi sebagai [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada tugas kali ini, diperintahkan untuk melakukan investigasi DNS terhadap domain detik.com dan itb.ac.id</p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Siapa pendaftar domain tersebut via whois</strong><br />
Untuk mencari pendaftar domain tersebut, dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan website <a href="http://www.who.is" target="_blank">http://www.who.is</a> Dengan mengetikkan domain yang akan dicari website who.is maka akan diperoleh data mengenai pendaftar domain tersebut<span id="more-96"></span></p>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>Pada domain detik.com via <a href="http://www.who.is/whois/detik.com/" target="_blank">who.is</a> diperoleh informasi sebagai berikut:<br />
<table width="400" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#99FF00">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<blockquote><address>Registrar: NETWORK SOLUTIONS, LLC.<br />
Whois Server: whois.networksolutions.com<br />
Referral URL: http://www.networksolutions.com<br />
Status: clientTransferProhibited<br />
Expiration Date: 2016-05-28<br />
Creation Date: 1998-05-29<br />
Last Update Date: 2011-03-24</address>
<address> </address>
<address>Registrant:</address>
<address>Siberkom, PT. Agranet Multicitra<br />
Aldevco Octagon Building lt 2<br />
Jl. Warung Jati Barat Raya 75<br />
Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 12740<br />
IN Domain Name: DETIK.COM</address>
<address> </address>
<address>Administrative Contact, Technical Contact:<br />
Siberkom, PT. Agranet Multicitra @registercentre.com<br />
Aldevco Octagon Building lt 2<br />
Jl. Warung Jati Barat Raya 75<br />
Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 12740<br />
+62 21 7941177 fax: +62 21 7941176</address>
</blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</li>
<li>Pada domain itb.ac.id via <a href="http://www.who.is/whois/itb.ac.id/" target="_blank">who.is</a> diperoleh informasi sebagai berikut:<br />
<table width="400" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#99FF00">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<blockquote><address>domain: itb.ac.id<br />
org: Perguruan Tinggi<br />
desc: Institut Teknologi Bandung<br />
admin-c: bs38<br />
tech-c: rinal1<br />
bill-c: rinal1</address>
<address> </address>
<address>nic-hdl: bs38<br />
address: Jl tamansari no 64 Bandung<br />
e-mail: basuki@itb.ac.id<br />
org: Institut teknologi Bandung<br />
source: register.net.id # Filtered</address>
<address> </address>
<address>nic-hdl: rinal1<br />
e-mail: rinaldi@ee.itb.ac.id</address>
</blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Apa name server (NS) dari domain tersebut?</strong><br />
Pencarian name server dari kedua domain tersebut juga menggunakan bantuan website http://www.who.is pada bagian dns record</p>
<ul>
<li>Name server pada detik.com melalui <a href="http://who.is/dns/detik.com/" target="_blank">who.is</a> diperoleh informasi NS sebagai berikut:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>ns.detik.net.id</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>ns1.detik.net.id</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Name server pada itb.ac.id melalui <a href="http://www.who.is/dns/itb.ac.id/" target="_blank">who.is </a>diperoleh informasi sebagai berikut:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>ns1.ai3.net</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>ns1.itb.ac.id</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>ns2.itb.ac.id</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>ns3.itb.ac.id</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>sns-pb.isc.org</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Apa mail exchange (MX) dari domain tersebut?</strong><br />
Hasil pencarian melalui dns record pada who.is juga telah berhasil diperoleh mengenai MX yang digunakan oleh kedua domain tersebut.</p>
<ul>
<li>MX pada domain <a href="http://who.is/dns/detik.com/" target="_blank">detik.com</a> adalah sebagai berikut:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>ALT2.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.com</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>ASPMX2.GOOGLEMAIL.com</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>ASPMX3.GOOGLEMAIL.com</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>ASPMX4.GOOGLEMAIL.com</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>ASPMX5.GOOGLEMAIL.com</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.com</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>ALT1.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.com</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>MX pada domain <a href="http://www.who.is/dns/itb.ac.id/" target="_blank">itb.ac.id</a> adalah sebagai berikut:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>mx2.itb.ac.id</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>mx1.itb.ac.id</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Dapatkah zone transfer dilakukan?</strong><br />
Untuk melakukan pengecekan apakah zone transfer dapat dilakukan dilakukan pengecekan dengan bantuan website <a href="http://tools.digitalpoint.com/zone-transfer.php" target="_blank">http://tools.digitalpoint.com/zone-transfer.php</a> dan diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut</p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><em>Zone transfer pada detik.com</em><br />
Pada hasil pengujian melalui website <a href="http://tools.digitalpoint.com/zone-transfer.php?domain=detik.com" target="_blank">digitalpoint</a> diperoleh informasi sebagai berikut</p>
<ul>
<li>
<pre>; (2 servers found)</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>; Transfer failed.</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>;; global options: +cmd</pre>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Dengan demikian dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa zone transfer pada detik.com <strong>tidak dapat dilakukan</strong>.</li>
<li><em>Zone trasnfer pada itb.ac.id</em><br />
Pada hasil pengujian melalui website <a href="http://tools.digitalpoint.com/zone-transfer.php?domain=itb.ac.id" target="_blank">digitalpoint</a> diperoleh informasi sebagai berikut:</p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>
<pre>; (2 servers found)</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>;; SERVER: 202.249.24.33#53(202.249.24.33)</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>;; global options: +cmd</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>;; WHEN: Fri Oct 14 00:56:43 2011</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>;; Query time: 697 msec</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre>;; XFR size: 1430 records</pre>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dengan demikian dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa zone transfer pada itb.ac.id <strong>dapat dilakukan</strong>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Untuk domain itb.ac.id, ada berapa domain tingkat empat (4th level domain)? dan buat daftarnya?</strong><br />
Untuk mengetahui jumlah tingkat domain pada itb.ac.id digunakan perintah nslookup pada command prompt windows 7 dan dilakukan pada lingkup jaringan internal itb.ac.id</p>
<pre>C:\Users\user&gt;nslookup</pre>
<p>Kemudian dilakukan perintah penarikan zona DNS untuk record A ke dalam file txt bernama recordA.txt.</p>
<pre>&gt; ls -t A itb.ac.id &gt; recordA.txt
[ns1.ITB.ac.id]
#
Received 1430 records.
&gt;</pre>
<p>Record A digunakan oleh DNS untuk menentukan alamat IP yang sesuai dengan domain berserta subdomainnya.</p>
<p>Dari data yang diperoleh yaitu recordA.txt, dilakukan proses filterisasi untuk mendapatkan nama domain level ke empat, karena dari data yang diperoleh pada recordA.txt terdapat data mengenai tingkat lima dari domain itb.ac.id, dan yang dibutuhkan adalah hanya daftar domain tingkat empat, maka domain tingkat lima difilter kembali.</p>
<p>Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari nslookup record A dan proses filterisasi diperoleh jumlah domain tingkat empat sebanyak <strong>636</strong> domain dengan daftar sebagai berikut:</p>
<table style="font: 'Comic Sans MS';" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="29" height="20">1</td>
<td width="195">ar.itb.ac.id</td>
<td width="41">319</td>
<td width="238">kaderisasi-admin.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">2</td>
<td>arc.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>320</td>
<td>kamus.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">3</td>
<td>art.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>321</td>
<td>kantorberita.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">4</td>
<td>as.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>322</td>
<td>kantorwrma.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">5</td>
<td>aula-tmr.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>323</td>
<td>karatebkc.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">6</td>
<td>bi.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>324</td>
<td>kata.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">7</td>
<td>biomed.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>325</td>
<td>kb.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">8</td>
<td>biotech.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>326</td>
<td>kealumnian.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">9</td>
<td>bmg.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>327</td>
<td>kemahasiswaan.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">10</td>
<td>bosscha.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>328</td>
<td>kemitraan.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">11</td>
<td>campuschannel.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>329</td>
<td>kenmi.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">12</td>
<td>ccar.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>330</td>
<td>kepegawaian.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">13</td>
<td>che.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>331</td>
<td>kinerja.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">14</td>
<td>chem.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>332</td>
<td>klinikpendidikan.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">15</td>
<td>cisco-en.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>333</td>
<td>km.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">16</td>
<td>cisco-en-en.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>334</td>
<td>kmh.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">17</td>
<td>cnrg.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>335</td>
<td>kmjsiginjai.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">18</td>
<td>cnrglab.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>336</td>
<td>kmk.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">19</td>
<td>comlabs.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>337</td>
<td>kmpaganesha.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">20</td>
<td>cre.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>338</td>
<td>knif.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">21</td>
<td>cyberlib.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>339</td>
<td>kokesma.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">22</td>
<td>ditdik.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>340</td>
<td>kolaborasi.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">23</td>
<td>ditkeu.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>341</td>
<td>komunitasfisika.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">24</td>
<td>dp.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>342</td>
<td>kpa.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">25</td>
<td>ee.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>343</td>
<td>ksep.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">26</td>
<td>et.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>344</td>
<td>ksrpmi.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">27</td>
<td>fa.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>345</td>
<td>kuliah2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">28</td>
<td>fi.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>346</td>
<td>kuliah3.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">29</td>
<td>fitb.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>347</td>
<td>laboratory.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">30</td>
<td>fmb.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>348</td>
<td>LabtekV-Cat6-GEC-1.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">31</td>
<td>fmipa.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>349</td>
<td>LabtekV-Cat6-GEC-3.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">32</td>
<td>fsrd.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>LabtekV-Cat6-Lo-0.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">33</td>
<td>fti.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>351</td>
<td>LabtekV-Cat6-Mgmt.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">34</td>
<td>ftmd.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>352</td>
<td>LabtekVIII-Cat6-GE3-4.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">35</td>
<td>ftsl.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>353</td>
<td>LabtekVIII-Cat6-GEC-1.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">36</td>
<td>ftsp.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>354</td>
<td>LabtekVIII-Cat6-Lo-0.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">37</td>
<td>fttm.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>355</td>
<td>LabtekVIII-Cat6-Mgmt.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">38</td>
<td>gamais.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>356</td>
<td>LabtekVIII-Cat6-NS3-FE4-2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">39</td>
<td>gate-vhf.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>357</td>
<td>langit.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">40</td>
<td>gc.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>358</td>
<td>lapi.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">41</td>
<td>gd.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>359</td>
<td>lb1-mx.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">42</td>
<td>geoph.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>360</td>
<td>ldap.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">43</td>
<td>gerbang.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>361</td>
<td>ldap-ng.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">44</td>
<td>graphics.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>362</td>
<td>library.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">45</td>
<td>if.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>363</td>
<td>lk.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">46</td>
<td>imhere.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>364</td>
<td>lms-inherent.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">47</td>
<td>ims.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>365</td>
<td>localhost.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">48</td>
<td>indonesia-itb-ether.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>366</td>
<td>logger.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">49</td>
<td>inkubator.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>367</td>
<td>logger-ng.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">50</td>
<td>ins.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>368</td>
<td>logistics-center.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">51</td>
<td>instrument.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>369</td>
<td>logistik.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">52</td>
<td>interior.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>370</td>
<td>lp.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">53</td>
<td>ipr.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>371</td>
<td>lp4.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">54</td>
<td>isrg.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>372</td>
<td>lpadrc.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">55</td>
<td>kkp.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>373</td>
<td>lpik.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">56</td>
<td>kmrg.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>374</td>
<td>lpm.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">57</td>
<td>koperasi.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>375</td>
<td>lppm.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">58</td>
<td>kppwk.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>376</td>
<td>lpse.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">59</td>
<td>kria-sr.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>377</td>
<td>lsik.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">60</td>
<td>kuliah.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>378</td>
<td>lte.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">61</td>
<td>labs.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>379</td>
<td>lumbung1.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">62</td>
<td>lc.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>380</td>
<td>lumbung1-v2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">63</td>
<td>lib.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>381</td>
<td>lumbung2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">64</td>
<td>loedroek.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>382</td>
<td>lumbung2-v2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">65</td>
<td>lpkm.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>383</td>
<td>lumbung3.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">66</td>
<td>lss.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>384</td>
<td>m.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">67</td>
<td>material.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>385</td>
<td>mailadm.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">68</td>
<td>math.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>386</td>
<td>mailadm-ng.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">69</td>
<td>mba.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>387</td>
<td>mailalumni.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">70</td>
<td>mesin.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>388</td>
<td>mailtracking.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">71</td>
<td>metallurgy.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>389</td>
<td>maisy.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">72</td>
<td>meteo.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>390</td>
<td>majalahproficio.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">73</td>
<td>Mgmt.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>391</td>
<td>maroon.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">74</td>
<td>mining.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>392</td>
<td>masadepan.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">75</td>
<td>mri.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>393</td>
<td>maxwell.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">76</td>
<td>ms.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>394</td>
<td>mbwg.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">77</td>
<td>mx-in.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>395</td>
<td>mcp-books.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">78</td>
<td>mx2.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>396</td>
<td>merger.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">79</td>
<td>mx3a.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>397</td>
<td>mgb.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">80</td>
<td>mx4a.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>398</td>
<td>mic.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">81</td>
<td>ocean.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>399</td>
<td>migrasi.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">82</td>
<td>p2par.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>400</td>
<td>mirror.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">83</td>
<td>paubt.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>401</td>
<td>mirror-ng.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">84</td>
<td>paume.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>402</td>
<td>mm.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">85</td>
<td>pcd.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>403</td>
<td>mobilcikal.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">86</td>
<td>phys.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>404</td>
<td>mohonmaap.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">87</td>
<td>pl.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>405</td>
<td>monitoring.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">88</td>
<td>placeof.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>406</td>
<td>monitoring-temp.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">89</td>
<td>pmo.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>407</td>
<td>monitoringv2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">90</td>
<td>pn.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>408</td>
<td>movie.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">91</td>
<td>powernoc.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>409</td>
<td>multimedia.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">92</td>
<td>ppk.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>410</td>
<td>musi.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">93</td>
<td>ppkpl.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>411</td>
<td>mx.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">94</td>
<td>ppmb.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>412</td>
<td>mx0.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">95</td>
<td>ppms.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>413</td>
<td>mx1.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">96</td>
<td>pps.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>414</td>
<td>mx1-new.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">97</td>
<td>pptik.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>415</td>
<td>mx1a.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">98</td>
<td>pwk.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>416</td>
<td>mx4.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">99</td>
<td>ra01b.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>417</td>
<td>mx5.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">100</td>
<td>ra02.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>418</td>
<td>mx6.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">101</td>
<td>ra11.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>419</td>
<td>mx7.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">102</td>
<td>RA12.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>420</td>
<td>newsadmin.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">103</td>
<td>ra13.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>421</td>
<td>nic.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">104</td>
<td>salman.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>422</td>
<td>nic-ng.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">105</td>
<td>science.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>423</td>
<td>nicadm1.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">106</td>
<td>si.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>424</td>
<td>nii.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">107</td>
<td>sismik.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>425</td>
<td>ninja-hattori.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">108</td>
<td>skd.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>426</td>
<td>nms.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">109</td>
<td>sostek.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>427</td>
<td>noc-ccar.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">110</td>
<td>stei.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>428</td>
<td>noc-sps.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">111</td>
<td>telecommunication.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>429</td>
<td>ns-new.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">112</td>
<td>telekomunikasi.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>430</td>
<td>ns1.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">113</td>
<td>tf.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>431</td>
<td>ns1b.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">114</td>
<td>ti.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>432</td>
<td>ns2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">115</td>
<td>tl.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>433</td>
<td>ns2a.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">116</td>
<td>tm.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>434</td>
<td>ns3.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">117</td>
<td>ukp.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>435</td>
<td>ns4.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">118</td>
<td>unit.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>436</td>
<td>nt.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">119</td>
<td>usdi.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>437</td>
<td>ntp.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">120</td>
<td>usm.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>438</td>
<td>oceanography.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">121</td>
<td>vlsi.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>439</td>
<td>ocs.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">122</td>
<td>waveLAN-ITB-RadNet.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>440</td>
<td>ohu2007.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">123</td>
<td>webhosting.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>441</td>
<td>ojs.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">124</td>
<td>wrm.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>442</td>
<td>old-ganesha.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">125</td>
<td>8eh.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>443</td>
<td>old-pusat.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">126</td>
<td>aaei.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>444</td>
<td>old-students.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">127</td>
<td>academic.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>445</td>
<td>olimpiade2007.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">128</td>
<td>ae.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>446</td>
<td>olimpiadealquran.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">129</td>
<td>afm.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>447</td>
<td>openbsd-lab.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">130</td>
<td>ai3.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>448</td>
<td>opencores.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">131</td>
<td>ai3-indonesia-ether.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>449</td>
<td>order.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">132</td>
<td>aikido.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>450</td>
<td>owb.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">133</td>
<td>akademik.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>451</td>
<td>p2p-fsrd-to-arsi.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">134</td>
<td>alumni.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>452</td>
<td>p2t.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">135</td>
<td>antivirus.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>453</td>
<td>packetscanner.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">136</td>
<td>antivirus-ng.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>454</td>
<td>patra.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">137</td>
<td>antivirus-slb.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>455</td>
<td>PAU-Cat6-FE4-1.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">138</td>
<td>apache2006.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>456</td>
<td>PAU-Cat6-FE4-7.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">139</td>
<td>apccas2002.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>457</td>
<td>PAU-Cat6-GE2-6.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">140</td>
<td>arkavidia.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>458</td>
<td>PAU-Cat6-GE2-7.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">141</td>
<td>arsip.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>459</td>
<td>PAU-Cat6-GE2-8.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">142</td>
<td>astronomi.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>460</td>
<td>PAU-Cat6-GE3-1.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">143</td>
<td>astronomy.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>461</td>
<td>PAU-Cat6-GE3-2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">144</td>
<td>auth.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>462</td>
<td>PAU-Cat6-GE3-4.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">145</td>
<td>av1.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>463</td>
<td>PAU-Cat6-GEC-1.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">146</td>
<td>av2.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>464</td>
<td>PAU-Cat6-GEC-2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">147</td>
<td>baak.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>465</td>
<td>PAU-Cat6-Lo-0.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">148</td>
<td>backup-hosting.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>466</td>
<td>PAU-Cat6-Mgmt.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">149</td>
<td>backup-mx.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>467</td>
<td>pau-cat6k-vlan6.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">150</td>
<td>backup-students.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>468</td>
<td>pauir.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">151</td>
<td>backup-zone.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>469</td>
<td>pdpt.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">152</td>
<td>bangda.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>470</td>
<td>penerbit.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">153</td>
<td>beasiswa.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>471</td>
<td>pengungsian.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">154</td>
<td>beasiswalk.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>472</td>
<td>percama.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">155</td>
<td>belajar-mandiri.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>473</td>
<td>perencanaan.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">156</td>
<td>berkala.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>474</td>
<td>perisaidiri.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">157</td>
<td>billing.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>475</td>
<td>petakampus.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">158</td>
<td>billing-ng.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>476</td>
<td>pilrek2010.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">159</td>
<td>biostrat.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>477</td>
<td>pinri.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">160</td>
<td>blendedlearning.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>478</td>
<td>pinteraktif.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">161</td>
<td>blogs.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>479</td>
<td>pir.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">162</td>
<td>brocade.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>480</td>
<td>pmk.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">163</td>
<td>builder.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>481</td>
<td>portal.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">164</td>
<td>cache.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>482</td>
<td>portsnap.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">165</td>
<td>cache-1.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>483</td>
<td>poss.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">166</td>
<td>cache-2.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>484</td>
<td>power.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">167</td>
<td>cache1.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>485</td>
<td>ppt.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">168</td>
<td>cache2.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>486</td>
<td>premium.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">169</td>
<td>cache3.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>487</td>
<td>pri.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">170</td>
<td>cache4.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>488</td>
<td>pringgapuk.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">171</td>
<td>calonadmin.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>489</td>
<td>profil-kaderisasi.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">172</td>
<td>cam.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>490</td>
<td>prohil.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">173</td>
<td>capoeira.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>491</td>
<td>proyek.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">174</td>
<td>cas.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>492</td>
<td>psda.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">175</td>
<td>catalysis.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>493</td>
<td>psdi.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">176</td>
<td>cbsed.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>494</td>
<td>pstk.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">177</td>
<td>cisco-dialin1.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>495</td>
<td>pusat.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">178</td>
<td>cisco-dialin10.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>496</td>
<td>pusat-lama.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">179</td>
<td>cisco-dialin11.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>497</td>
<td>pusat2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">180</td>
<td>cisco-dialin12.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>498</td>
<td>R11.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">181</td>
<td>cisco-dialin13.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>499</td>
<td>ra5.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">182</td>
<td>cisco-dialin14.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>500</td>
<td>radio-net.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">183</td>
<td>cisco-dialin3.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>501</td>
<td>radius.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">184</td>
<td>cisco-dialin4.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>502</td>
<td>rapidshare.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">185</td>
<td>cisco-dialin5.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>503</td>
<td>rbl.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">186</td>
<td>cisco-dialin6.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>504</td>
<td>rbn.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">187</td>
<td>cisco-dialin7.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>505</td>
<td>rbn1.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">188</td>
<td>cisco-dialin8.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>506</td>
<td>rcmeae.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">189</td>
<td>cisco-dialin9.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>507</td>
<td>register.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">190</td>
<td>climatechange.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>508</td>
<td>rektorkita.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">191</td>
<td>cloud.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>509</td>
<td>relasialumni.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">192</td>
<td>cnrg-lib.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>510</td>
<td>research.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">193</td>
<td>commodo.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>511</td>
<td>rict.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">194</td>
<td>compscience.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>512</td>
<td>rnd.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">195</td>
<td>connect.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>513</td>
<td>rockmagnetic.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">196</td>
<td>course.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>514</td>
<td>rumahputih.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">197</td>
<td>crep.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>515</td>
<td>rusnas-cf.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">198</td>
<td>crs.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>516</td>
<td>s.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">199</td>
<td>cvsup.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>517</td>
<td>sa.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">200</td>
<td>da.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>518</td>
<td>sac-en.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">201</td>
<td>datacenter.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>519</td>
<td>sahang.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">202</td>
<td>db.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>520</td>
<td>samba.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">203</td>
<td>dcpusat.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>521</td>
<td>sampoernasbm.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">204</td>
<td>develop.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>522</td>
<td>sappk.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">205</td>
<td>developer.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>523</td>
<td>sappk2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">206</td>
<td>dews.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>524</td>
<td>sastra.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">207</td>
<td>dies40mbwg.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>525</td>
<td>satpam.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">208</td>
<td>dies50-challenge.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>526</td>
<td>sbm.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">209</td>
<td>diesemas.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>527</td>
<td>sbm-baru.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">210</td>
<td>digilib.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>528</td>
<td>scout.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">211</td>
<td>dimas.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>529</td>
<td>sdm.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">212</td>
<td>dipa.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>530</td>
<td>seei2010.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">213</td>
<td>dirdikpp.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>531</td>
<td>server3.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">214</td>
<td>distancE-courses.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>532</td>
<td>sia.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">215</td>
<td>distantlearning.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>533</td>
<td>siaman.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">216</td>
<td>ditbang.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>534</td>
<td>sibf2008.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">217</td>
<td>dl.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>535</td>
<td>singalodra.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">218</td>
<td>dlo.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>536</td>
<td>sipx.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">219</td>
<td>dlomail.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>537</td>
<td>sisfoperencanaan.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">220</td>
<td>dns-anycast.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>538</td>
<td>siskeu.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">221</td>
<td>dnsadm.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>539</td>
<td>siskeu01.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">222</td>
<td>dokodemo.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>540</td>
<td>sisorg.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">223</td>
<td>dummiesche.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>541</td>
<td>sispran.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">224</td>
<td>dummiesfti.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>542</td>
<td>sispran2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">225</td>
<td>e-course.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>543</td>
<td>sith.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">226</td>
<td>ebs.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>544</td>
<td>skorhoki.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">227</td>
<td>ecocampus.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>545</td>
<td>smtp.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">228</td>
<td>egov.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>546</td>
<td>snmptn.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">229</td>
<td>eii.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>547</td>
<td>soemardja.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">230</td>
<td>eis.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>548</td>
<td>soi.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">231</td>
<td>ejournal.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>549</td>
<td>soi-proxy.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">232</td>
<td>el92.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>550</td>
<td>soi-router.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">233</td>
<td>elearning.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>551</td>
<td>soi-server.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">234</td>
<td>electrocity2011.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>552</td>
<td>sop-pep.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">235</td>
<td>endowmentfund.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>553</td>
<td>sp.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">236</td>
<td>entrepreneur.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>554</td>
<td>spe.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">237</td>
<td>epsdl.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>555</td>
<td>spns.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">238</td>
<td>ergo.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>556</td>
<td>ssdk.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">239</td>
<td>erptest.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>557</td>
<td>staff.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">240</td>
<td>ezmlm-web.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>558</td>
<td>stat.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">241</td>
<td>faraday.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>559</td>
<td>stats.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">242</td>
<td>find.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>560</td>
<td>statuta-ftmd.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">243</td>
<td>forum.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>561</td>
<td>streamv6.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">244</td>
<td>fpa.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>562</td>
<td>students.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">245</td>
<td>ftp.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>563</td>
<td>students-ng.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">246</td>
<td>ftpsearch.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>564</td>
<td>studiumgenerale.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">247</td>
<td>ganeca2.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>565</td>
<td>suk.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">248</td>
<td>ganechat.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>566</td>
<td>svnserver.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">249</td>
<td>ganesha.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>567</td>
<td>sysapp.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">250</td>
<td>ganeshabermain.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>568</td>
<td>tec.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">251</td>
<td>ganeshatv.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>569</td>
<td>TeknologiInformasi.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">252</td>
<td>gcca.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>570</td>
<td>telecom.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">253</td>
<td>gdl.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>571</td>
<td>telematic.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">254</td>
<td>gea.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>572</td>
<td>telepondigital.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">255</td>
<td>geoaplika.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>573</td>
<td>tenismeja.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">256</td>
<td>geothermal.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>574</td>
<td>terra.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">257</td>
<td>gf.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>575</td>
<td>testbed.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">258</td>
<td>grid.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>576</td>
<td>thinclient.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">259</td>
<td>groups.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>577</td>
<td>timbeasiswa.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">260</td>
<td>gw-hf.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>578</td>
<td>tpb.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">261</td>
<td>gw-paume.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>579</td>
<td>transport.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">262</td>
<td>hayati.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>580</td>
<td>triplehelix10.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">263</td>
<td>himastron.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>581</td>
<td>tunnel-inherent.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">264</td>
<td>himatek.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>582</td>
<td>tutor.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">265</td>
<td>hitbox.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>583</td>
<td>u2l.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">266</td>
<td>hmif.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>584</td>
<td>ubala.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">267</td>
<td>hmm.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>585</td>
<td>ubg.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">268</td>
<td>hmtl.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>586</td>
<td>ubt.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">269</td>
<td>hosting.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>587</td>
<td>ugreen.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">270</td>
<td>hubc.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>588</td>
<td>uka.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">271</td>
<td>humas.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>589</td>
<td>ukb.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">272</td>
<td>hydraulic.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>590</td>
<td>ukb-debust.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">273</td>
<td>iatmism.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>591</td>
<td>ukir.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">274</td>
<td>ic-design.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>592</td>
<td>ukm.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">275</td>
<td>icap.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>593</td>
<td>ukmr.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">276</td>
<td>icici-bme.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>594</td>
<td>ukss.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">277</td>
<td>icius2010.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>595</td>
<td>uksu.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">278</td>
<td>icpco2007.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>596</td>
<td>umkr.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">279</td>
<td>ict.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>597</td>
<td>unioncatalogues.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">280</td>
<td>ictmp.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>598</td>
<td>unisispran.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">281</td>
<td>idln.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>599</td>
<td>upi.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">282</td>
<td>iecom.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>600</td>
<td>uptor.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">283</td>
<td>ied.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>601</td>
<td>urpa.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">284</td>
<td>IIE.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>602</td>
<td>usdi-imhere.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">285</td>
<td>iiwas2002.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>603</td>
<td>usdi-reps.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">286</td>
<td>ilearn.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>604</td>
<td>utenis.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">287</td>
<td>im.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>605</td>
<td>vclass.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">288</td>
<td>infinity.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>606</td>
<td>vic-rat.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">289</td>
<td>intermedia.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>607</td>
<td>video.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">290</td>
<td>international.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>608</td>
<td>virtual-university.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">291</td>
<td>iom.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>609</td>
<td>vpn.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">292</td>
<td>ipv6.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>610</td>
<td>vpn-v6.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">293</td>
<td>irctr.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>611</td>
<td>vproject.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">294</td>
<td>iro.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>612</td>
<td>waveLAN-disnak.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">295</td>
<td>isnet.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>613</td>
<td>WaveLAN-DisNak-ITB.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">296</td>
<td>it-helpdesk.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>614</td>
<td>wavelan-ikip.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">297</td>
<td>ITB-bosscha.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>615</td>
<td>WaveLAN-ITB-Lapan.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">298</td>
<td>itb-inherent.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>616</td>
<td>WaveLAN-ITB-midc.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">299</td>
<td>itb1-v6-router.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>617</td>
<td>WaveLAN-ITB-Unisba.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">300</td>
<td>itb2-v6-router.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>618</td>
<td>waveLAN-RadNet-ITB.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">301</td>
<td>itb2020.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>619</td>
<td>waveLAN-ypkp.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">302</td>
<td>itb3-v6-router.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>620</td>
<td>web.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">303</td>
<td>itb4-v6-router.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>621</td>
<td>webkampus.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">304</td>
<td>itb5-v6-router.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>622</td>
<td>webservice.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">305</td>
<td>itbfair2010.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>623</td>
<td>webservices-sispran.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">306</td>
<td>itbfair2012.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>624</td>
<td>whois.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">307</td>
<td>itbgtw.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>625</td>
<td>windowsupdate.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">308</td>
<td>itborchestra.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>626</td>
<td>wrks.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">309</td>
<td>itforum.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>627</td>
<td>www.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">310</td>
<td>jaktri.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>628</td>
<td>www1.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">311</td>
<td>jatinangor.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>629</td>
<td>www2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">312</td>
<td>jica.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>630</td>
<td>www3.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">313</td>
<td>jica-project.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>631</td>
<td>xxx.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">314</td>
<td>jira.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>632</td>
<td>yankes.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">315</td>
<td>jomar.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>633</td>
<td>ZD1.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">316</td>
<td>journal.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>634</td>
<td>ZD2.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">317</td>
<td>jurnalpengelolaanlimbah.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>635</td>
<td>ZD3.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20">318</td>
<td>kabinet-km.itb.ac.id</td>
<td>636</td>
<td>zimbra.itb.ac.id</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</li>
</ul>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Standar Penulisan Daftar Pustaka IEEE</title>
		<link>http://xenin3.com/standar-penulisan-daftar-pustaka-ieee/</link>
		<comments>http://xenin3.com/standar-penulisan-daftar-pustaka-ieee/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 08 Oct 2011 02:40:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>xenin3</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Umum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[daftar pustaka]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[standar]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://xenin3.com/?p=65</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Standar penulisan kutipan/referensi dan daftar pustaka dibuat untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca tentang sumber dari kutipan yang terdapat pada dokumen bacaan tersebut. Pada standar IEEE, penulisan referensi diberikan penomoran sesuai dengan urutan referensi tersebut pada teks dokumen. Dalam penulisan referensi pada teks dokumen tersebut, pada akhir kalimat referensi diberikan nomor sesuai urutan pada teks tersebut [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Standar penulisan kutipan/referensi dan daftar pustaka dibuat untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca tentang sumber dari kutipan yang terdapat pada dokumen bacaan tersebut. Pada standar IEEE, penulisan referensi diberikan penomoran sesuai dengan urutan referensi tersebut pada teks dokumen. Dalam penulisan referensi pada teks dokumen tersebut, pada akhir kalimat referensi diberikan nomor sesuai urutan pada teks tersebut didalam kurung persegi. Contohnya: [1]<span id="more-65"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Standar penulisan daftar pustaka IEEE memiliki tiga bagian utama:</p>
<ul>
<li>Nama penulis dari sumber referensi, dituliskan dengan urutan nama pertama terlebih dahulu (atau inisial) kemunian nama terakhirnya. Hal ini berbeda dengan standar MLA yang meletakkan nama terakhir penulis terlebih dahulu pada posisi pertama</li>
<li>Judul dari suatu artikel (koran, conference paper, hak paten, dsb) diberikan tanda petik ganda.</li>
<li>Judul dari suatu jurnal atau buku dituliskan dalam bentuk miring/italics</li>
</ul>
<p>Standar penulisan ini bertujuan agar pembaca dapat membedakan jenis referensi secara cepat. Penempatan dari periode, koma, titik dua, tanggal, hamalam tergantung pada jenis referensi yang dikutip.</p>
<h4><strong>Penulisan Daftar Pustaka yang tercetak (printed)</strong></h4>
<ul>
<li>Buku</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Susunan penulisan: Penulis.<em> Judul Buku</em>. Lokasi:Penerbit, Tahun, Halaman.<br />
Contoh:W.K. Chen. <em>Linear Networks and Systems</em>. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993, hal. 123-35.</p>
<ul>
<li>Bab pada Buku</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Susunan Penulisan: Penulis. &#8220;Judul bab&#8221; pada<em> Judul Buku</em>, Edisi, Volume. Nama Editor, Penerbit Editor. Lokasi: Penerbit Buku, Tahun, Halaman.<br />
Contoh: J.E. Bourne. “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” pada <em>Plastics</em>, edisi kedua, vol. 3. J. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, hal.15-67.</p>
<ul>
<li>Artikel pada Jurnal</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Susunan penulisan: Penulis. &#8220;Judul artikel&#8221;. <em>Judul Jurnal</em>, Volume, Hamalan, Tanggal.<br />
Contoh: G. Pevere. “Infrared Nation.” <em>The International Journal of Infrared Design</em>, vol. 33, hal. 56-99, Jan. 1979.</p>
<ul>
<li>Artikel dari proceddings seminar yang dipublikasikan</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Susunan penulisan: Penulis. &#8220;Judul artikel&#8221;. <em>Judul seminar</em>, Tahun, Halaman.<br />
Contoh: D.B. Payne dan H.G. Gunhold. “Digital sundials and broadband technology,” dalam<em> Proc. IOOC-ECOC</em>, 1986, hal. 557-998.</p>
<ul>
<li>Artikel dari seminar yang tidak dipublikasikan.</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Susunan penulisan: Penulisa. &#8220;judul artikel,&#8221; judul seminar, lokasi, tahun.<br />
Contoh: B. Brandli and M. Dick. “Engineering names and concepts,” dipresentasikan pada 2nd Int. Conf. Engineering Education, Frankfurt, Germany, 1999.</p>
<ul>
<li>Paten/Standar</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Susunan Penulisan: Penulis/penemu. &#8220;judul&#8221;. negara dimana paten diregistrasikan. nomor paten. tanggal.<br />
contoh: E.E. Rebecca. “Alternating current fed power supply.” Amerika Serikat. Patent 7 897 777, Nov. 3, 1987.</p>
<h4>Daftar Pustaka dari referensi elektronik</h4>
<ul>
<li>Buku</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Standar Penulisan: Penulis. (Tahun, Bulan Tanggal). <em>Judul Buku</em>. (Edisi). [Type Media]. Volume (issue). Available: site/path/file [tanggal diakses]<br />
Contoh:S. Calmer. (1999, Juni 1). <em>Engineering and Art</em>. (Edisi ke-2). [On-line]. 27(3). Available: www.enggart.com/examples/students.html  [21 Mei 2003].</p>
<ul>
<li>Jurnal</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Susunan penulisan: Penulis. (tahun, bulan). &#8220;judul artikel.&#8221; <em>Judul Jurnal</em>. [tipe media]. Volume (issue), halaman. Available: site/path/file [tanggal diakses]<br />
Contoh: A. Paul. (1987, Oct.). “Electrical properties of flying machines.” <em>Flying Machines</em>. [Online]. 38(1), hal. 778-998. Available: www.flyingmachjourn/properties/fly.edu  [1 Des 2003].</p>
<ul>
<li>World Wide Web</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Susunan penulisan: Penulis (jika ada). &#8220;Judul.&#8221; Internet: Link URL, tanggal update (jika ada) [tanggal diakses].<br />
Contoh: M. Duncan. “Engineering Concepts on Ice. Internet: www.iceengg.edu/staff.html , 25 Okt 2000 [29 Nov 2003].</p>
<h4>Sumber Lainnya</h4>
<ul>
<li>Koran:</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Susunan penulisan: Penulis. &#8220;Judul artikel.&#8221; <em>Nama koran</em> (Tanggal), Section, Halaman.<br />
Contoh: B. Bart. “Going Faster.” <em>Globe and Mail</em> (Oct. 14, 2002), sec. A, p.1.</p>
<ul>
<li>Disertasi atau tesis</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Susunan penulisan: Penulis. &#8220;Judul.&#8221; Tingkat Pendidikan, Sekolah, Lokasi, Tahun.<br />
Contoh: S. Mack. “Desperate Optimism.” Tesis MA, Universitas Calgary, Canada, 2000.</p>
<ul>
<li>Bahan Kuliah</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Susunan penulisan: Penulis. Jenis kuliah. Topik: &#8220;Judul Kuliah.&#8221; Lokasi, tanggal.<br />
contoh: S. Maw. Engg 251. Kuliah di Kelas, Topik: “Speed skating.” ICT 224, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, 31 Okt 2003.</p>
<ul>
<li>E-mail</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Susunan Penulisan: Penulis. Judul Email. Personal E-mail (tanggal)<br />
COntoh: J. Aston. “RE: new location, okay?” Personal e-mail (Jul. 3, 2003).</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>Sistem Berbasis Web Yang Rentan Terhadap DoS</title>
		<link>http://xenin3.com/sistem-berbasis-web-yang-rentan-terhadap-dos/</link>
		<comments>http://xenin3.com/sistem-berbasis-web-yang-rentan-terhadap-dos/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Oct 2011 12:33:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>xenin3</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DoS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Keamanan Jaringan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sistem web]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://xenin3.com/?p=45</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I. Pendahuluan Serangan DoS (denial-of-service attacks&#8217;) adalah jenis serangan terhadap sebuah komputer atau server di dalam jaringan internet dengan cara menghabiskan sumber (resource) yang dimiliki oleh komputer tersebut sampai komputer tersebut tidak dapat menjalankan fungsinya dengan benar sehingga secara tidak langsung mencegah pengguna lain untuk memperoleh akses layanan dari komputer yang diserang tersebut [1]. Bentuk [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">I. Pendahuluan<br />
<img class="alignright" title="dos" src="http://www.blogymate.com/BlogPost/BlogyMate.com-BlogTH2612011111741.jpg" alt="" width="328" height="251" />Serangan DoS (denial-of-service attacks&#8217;) adalah jenis serangan terhadap sebuah komputer atau server di dalam jaringan internet dengan cara menghabiskan sumber (resource) yang dimiliki oleh komputer tersebut sampai komputer tersebut tidak dapat menjalankan fungsinya dengan benar sehingga secara tidak langsung mencegah pengguna lain untuk memperoleh akses layanan dari komputer yang diserang tersebut [1].</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Bentuk serangan Denial of Service awal adalah serangan SYN Flooding Attack, yang pertama kali muncul pada tahun 1996 dan mengeksploitasi terhadap kelemahan yang terdapat di dalam protokol Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Serangan-serangan lainnya akhirnya dikembangkan untuk mengeksploitasi kelemahan yang terdapat di dalam sistem operasi, layanan jaringan atau aplikasi untuk menjadikan sistem, layanan jaringan, atau aplikasi tersebut tidak dapat melayani pengguna, atau bahkan mengalami crash. Beberapa tool yang digunakan untuk melakukan serangan DoS pun banyak dikembangkan setelah itu (bahkan beberapa tool dapat diperoleh secara bebas), termasuk di antaranya Bonk, LAND, Smurf, Snork, WinNuke, dan Teardrop [1].<span id="more-45"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Serangan DoS men-target kan bandwidth dan koneksi sebuah jaringan untuk dapat mencapai misinya. Pada serangan terhadap Bandwidth, sang penyerang melakukan pembajiran “lalu-lintas” data dalam suatu jaringan, dengan menggunakan “perangkat” yang sudah tersedia pada jaringan itu sendiri, sehingga membuat user yang sudah terkoneksi didalam nya mengalami hilang koneksi. Di sisi lain, jenis serangan terhadap aktifitas koneksi, adalah dengan sedemikian rupa banyaknya, meminta koneksi langsung terhadap server ataupun router yang bersangkutan, sehingga membuat operasi sistem menjadi tidak memiliki “spot koneksi” lagi untuk user lain, dan membuat user user tersebut tidak dapat terkoneksi ke server itu [2].</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada artikel ini akan ditunjukkan beberapa situs web yang memiliki kerentanan terhadap serangan DoS yaitu dengan menggunakan fasilitas searching yang biasa digunakan untuk mencari informasi-informasi yang berada pada website tersebut. Dalam menggunakan fasilitas searching tersebut akan diinputkan karakter yang unik berupa petik tunggal dan karakter berupa kata-kata yang sangat panjang (10000 – 30000 kata). Hal ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana respon sistem dari web tersebut ketika karakter tersebut diinputkan.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">II. Hasil Pengujian<br />
Berdasarkan uji coba dengan menginputkan karakter yang panjang terhadap fasilitas search pada beberapa website yang berada didalam negeri diketahui terdapat beberapa website yang mengalami error terhadap proses input yang dimasukkan</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">a) www.bandung.go.id</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bandung.go_.id_.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-49" title="bandung.go.id" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bandung.go_.id_-300x194.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="194" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Gambar 1. Website Bandung.go.id</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada website bandung.go.id terhadap menu pencarian diinputkan karakter unik berupa petik tunggal sebanyak tiga kali. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan setelah diinputkan karakter berupa petik tunggal sebanyak tiga kali (‘’’) maka akan diperoleh error pada website tersebut</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/tugas2-2.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-47" title="tugas2 - 2" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/tugas2-2-300x67.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="67" /></a>Gambar 2. Error pada website bandung.go.id</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">b) www.gunungkidulkab.go.id</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/gunungkidul.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-50" title="gunungkidul" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/gunungkidul-300x227.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="227" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Gambar 2. Website gunungkidulkab.go.id</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada website gunungkidulkab.go.id diinputkan pada form pencarian data berupa karakter kata sebanyak 20.000 kata. Setelah diinputkan karakter tersebut sistem gunungkidulkab.go.id menampilkan error yang menyatakan URL yang diinputkan telah terlalu panjang dan melebihi kapasitas dari server.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/tugas2.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-48" title="tugas2" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/tugas2-300x145.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="145" /></a>Gambar 4. Error pada gunungkidulkab.go.id</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">c) Penataanruang.pu.go.id</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/penataanruang.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-51" title="penataanruang" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/penataanruang-300x195.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="195" /></a>Gambar 5. Penataanruang.pu.go.id</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada website penataanruang.pu.go.id terhadap menu pencarian diinputkan karakter unik berupa petik tunggal sebanyak tiga kali. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan setelah diinputkan karakter berupa petik tunggal sebanyak tiga kali (‘’’) maka akan diperoleh error pada website tersebut.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/tugas4.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-52" title="tugas4" src="http://xenin3.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/tugas4-187x300.jpg" alt="" width="187" height="300" /></a>Gambr 6. Error pada penataanruang.pu.go.id</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">III. Daftar Pustaka<br />
[1] 2011.&#8221;Serangan DoS&#8221;.http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_DoS<br />
[2] Darwis Suryantoro. 2007. &#8220;Denial of Service&#8221;. http://suryantara.wordpress.com/2007/09/26/denial-of-service</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Pengantar Jaringan Komputer</title>
		<link>http://xenin3.com/pengantar-jaringan-komputer/</link>
		<comments>http://xenin3.com/pengantar-jaringan-komputer/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Sep 2011 08:16:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>xenin3</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Networking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[antara]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jaringan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jaringan adalah]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jaringan komputer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jenis jaringan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lebi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[saling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[software reliability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tidak]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[untuk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yang]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://xenin3.com/?p=22</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sebuah jaringan adalah seperangkat alat (devices) yang saling terkoneksi oleh jalur komunikasi. Devices tersebut dapat berupa komputer, printer atau alat-alat lain yang dapat mengirim dan menerima data yang diperoleh dari alat lain pada suatu jaringan. Topik Utama dalam jaringan: Kriteria jaringan Struktur fisik jaringan Model-model jaringan Jenis-jenis jaringan Interkoneksi jaringan (internetwork) Kriteria Jaringan: Performance (waktu [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sebuah jaringan adalah seperangkat alat (devices) yang saling terkoneksi oleh jalur komunikasi. Devices tersebut dapat berupa komputer, printer atau alat-alat lain yang dapat mengirim dan menerima data yang diperoleh dari alat lain pada suatu jaringan.</p>
<p>Topik Utama dalam jaringan:</p>
<ul>
<li>Kriteria jaringan</li>
<li>Struktur fisik jaringan</li>
<li>Model-model jaringan</li>
<li>Jenis-jenis jaringan</li>
<li>Interkoneksi jaringan (internetwork)</li>
</ul>
<p><span id="more-22"></span></p>
<p>Kriteria Jaringan:</p>
<ul>
<li>Performance (waktu respon dan transit)
<ul>
<li>Waktu transit adalah jumlah waktu yang dibutuhkan pesan untuk berada dari satu device ke device lainnya</li>
<li>Waktu respon adalah selisih waktu antara request dan respon</li>
<li>Dipengaruhi oleh jumlah user, tipe media transmisi, kualitas hardware, dan efisiensi dari software</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Reliability (keandalan) <img src='http://xenin3.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /> iukur dengan frekuensi kegagalan, dan waktu yang dibutuhkan jaringan untuk pulih dari kegagalan, serta ketahanan jaringan pada saat terjadi bencana</li>
<li>Security: Perlindungan data terhadap akses yang tidak sah.</li>
</ul>
<p>Tipe dari koneksi</p>
<ul>
<li>Point to point: menyediakan suatu dedicated link antara dua device dan menggunakan seluruh kapasiti dari koneksi</li>
<li>Multi point
<ul>
<li>Disebut juga multidrop</li>
<li>Lebih dari dua device saling berbagi pada satu koneksi tunggal</li>
<li>Spatially shared: Beberapa device dapat menggunakan koneksi secara simultan</li>
<li>Timeshared : terdapat antrian terhadap user</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: center;"> <img 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" alt="" /></p>
<p>Jenis-jenis jaringan:</p>
<p><strong>I. Mesh</strong></p>
<p align="center"><img 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" alt="" /></p>
<p>Setiap device memiliki dedicated point link yang saling terhubung ke setiap device lainnya</p>
<p>Kelebihan:</p>
<ul>
<li>Tidak ada masalah terhadap trahic</li>
<li>Kuat. Jaringan yang bermasalah tidak mempengaruhi jaringan yang lain</li>
<li>Keamanan bersifat pribadi</li>
<li>Kejadian abnormal mudah untuk dideteksi</li>
</ul>
<p>Kekurangan:</p>
<ul>
<li>Membutuhkan jumlah kabel yang banyak</li>
<li>Kurang efisien dan efektif</li>
<li>Membutuhkan ruang dan biaya yang besar</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>II. Star</strong><br />
<img class="aligncenter" 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" alt="" /><br />
Satu link dan i/o port terhubung pada suatu hub. Tidak terdapat koneksi langsung antara dua device.<br />
Kelebihan:</p>
<ul>
<li>Mudah untuk diinstal</li>
<li>Penggunaan kabel lebih sedikit</li>
<li>Mudah untuk dimaintenance</li>
<li>kuat</li>
</ul>
<p>Kekurangan:</p>
<ul>
<li>Hub adalah device yang sangat penting</li>
<li>Hub menunjukkan satu sumber dari kegagalan</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>III. Bush</strong></p>
<p align="center"><img 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" alt="" /></p>
<p>Kelebihan:</p>
<ul>
<li>Mudah untuk diinstal</li>
<li>Penggunaan kabel sedikit</li>
</ul>
<p>Kekurangan:</p>
<ul>
<li>Susah untuk mendeteksi ketika terjadi gangguan.</li>
<li>Penggunaan kabel bus sangatlah penting</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>IV. Ring</strong></p>
<p align="center"> <img 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" alt="" /></p>
<p>Menghubungkan antara dua device pada kedua sisi</p>
<p>Kelebihan:</p>
<ul>
<li>Mudah untuk diinstal</li>
<li>Mudah untuk dimaintenance</li>
<li>Gangguan mudah untuk dideteksi</li>
</ul>
<p>Kekurangan:</p>
<ul>
<li>Koneksi dilakukan secara tidak langsung (undirectional traffic)</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>V. Hybird</strong><br />
model jaringan dengan menggunakan backbone star  dan beberapa jaringan dengan model bus</p>
<p align="center"><img 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" alt="" /></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Komunikasi Data</title>
		<link>http://xenin3.com/komunikasi-data/</link>
		<comments>http://xenin3.com/komunikasi-data/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Sep 2011 07:38:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>xenin3</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Networking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ascii number]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[continuous]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[continuous signal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gray scale]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[half duplex full duplex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[komunikasi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[komunikasi data]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[media transmisi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[menunjukkan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[signal conversion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[telekomunikasi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[video film]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wire cable]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yang]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://xenin3.com/?p=18</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Kata telekomunikasi artinya adalah komunikasi pada suatu jarak. Kata data menunjukkan informasi yang direpresentasikan berbagai bentuk sesuai tujuan pembuatan dan kegunaan data tersebut. Data komunikasi adalah proses pertukaran data antara dua alat melalui suatu bentuk media transmisi seperti wire cable. Topik utama komunikasi data: Komponen, Representasi Data, aliran data Komponen utama dari komunikasi data Pesan: [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Kata telekomunikasi artinya adalah komunikasi pada suatu jarak. Kata data menunjukkan informasi yang direpresentasikan berbagai bentuk sesuai tujuan pembuatan dan kegunaan data tersebut. Data komunikasi adalah proses pertukaran data antara dua alat melalui suatu bentuk media transmisi seperti wire cable.</p>
<p>Topik utama komunikasi data: Komponen, Representasi Data, aliran data<span id="more-18"></span></p>
<p>Komponen utama dari komunikasi data</p>
<ul>
<li>Pesan: data yang dikomunikasikan</li>
<li>Pengirim dan penerima</li>
<li>Media transmisi: jalur fisik dimana pesan dapat berjalan dari pengirim ke penerima</li>
<li>Protocol: rangkaian peraturan yang mengatur komunikasi data</li>
</ul>
<p>Representasi Data</p>
<ul>
<li>Text: email,article, unicode, ascii</li>
<li>Number</li>
<li>Gambar: pixel,resolusi,gray scale,RGB, YCM</li>
<li>Audio:continuous, signal conversion</li>
<li>Video: film,continuous/discrete</li>
</ul>
<p>Aliran Data (data flow):</p>
<ul>
<li>Simplex</li>
<li>Half duplex</li>
<li>Full duplex</li>
</ul>
<p align="center"><img 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" alt="" /></p>
<p align="center">Gambar 1. Jenis-jenis data flow</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Tiga Insiden Keamanan Teknologi Informasi di Indonesia</title>
		<link>http://xenin3.com/tiga-insiden-keamanan-teknologi-informasi-di-indonesia/</link>
		<comments>http://xenin3.com/tiga-insiden-keamanan-teknologi-informasi-di-indonesia/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Sep 2011 14:45:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>xenin3</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT Security]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://xenin3.com/?p=4</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Tiga Insiden Keamanan Teknologi Informasi di Indonesia 1. Situs Polri dibobol hacker Situs dengan alamat http://www.polri.go.id milik Kepolisian Republik Indonesia pada hari Senin, 16 Mei 2011 dibobol dan salah satu halamannya diisi konten berbau agama oleh orang tidak dikenal (hacker). Dalam aksinya hacker memasukkan sejumlah pesan yang variatif, salah satunya pesan ajakan kepada umat muslim [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tiga Insiden Keamanan Teknologi Informasi di Indonesia</p>
<p>1. Situs Polri dibobol hacker<br />
Situs dengan alamat http://www.polri.go.id milik Kepolisian Republik Indonesia pada hari Senin, 16 Mei 2011 dibobol dan salah satu halamannya diisi konten berbau agama oleh orang tidak dikenal (hacker). Dalam aksinya hacker memasukkan sejumlah pesan yang variatif, salah satunya pesan ajakan kepada umat muslim untuk bangkit berjihad.<br />
Selain itu halaman utama situs Polri tersebut tidak bisa diakses tanpa sebab. Pengakses akan diarahkan ke alamat http://www.polri.go.id/backend/index.html. Jika berhasil mengakses situs tersebut, akan muncul gambar dua orang sedang mengangkat bendera di atas sebuah bukit. Tampilan layar berwarna hitam dan tercantum tulisan jihad mengatasnamakan Islam. <span id="more-4"></span>Di dalam situs tersebut juga menampilkan sebuah gambar dan video yang dihubungkan ke YouTube dengan pesan sejenis.<br />
Kabagpenum Mabes Polri Kombes Polisi Boy Rafli Amar pada Selasa 17 Mei 2011, menyatakan, polisi hingga kini masih mempelajari isi situs untuk mencari pelakunya. Menurut Rafli, tindakan ini termasuk kejahatan transnasional. Jika terungkap pelaku akan dijerat dengan Undang-undang nomor 11 tahun 2008 tentang ITE dengan ancaman hukuman delapan tahun penjara.<br />
Pada hari Rabu, 8 Juni 2011 Mabes Polri telah menetapkan AK, seorang mahasiswa di Jawa Tengah sebagai tersangka hacker pembobol situs polri tersebut. AK resmi ditahan di Mabes Polri. Hal tersebut disampaikan oleh Kabareskrim Polri Komjen Pol Ito Sumardi di Mabes Polri, Jl Trunojoyo, Jakarta Selatan. Ito mengatakan, saat ini AK masih diperiksa untuk dikembangkan keterkaitannya. Namun sementara belum ada indikasi AK tergabung dalam kelompok radikal atau bermotif jihad. Ito belum dapat memastikan apakah AK memang mempunyai motif jihad atau dendam kepada Polri karena hal tersebut harus diperdalam secara komprehensif.</p>
<p>2. Kartu ATM Tertelan Mesin Saldo Rp 100 Juta hilang.<br />
Hati-hati saat menggunakan fasilitas mesin Anjungan Tunai Mandiri (ATM). Terutama bila kartu ATM tertelan di dalam mesin. Lebih baik menyelesaikan masalah tersebut, langsung ke bank bersangkutan. Sebab, nomor telepon yang dipasang di mesin ATM, ternyata bisa disalahgunakan oknum yang tidak bertanggung jawab.<br />
Seperti yang terjadi pada dr. Kamil Bagus saat mengambil uang di mesin ATM kawasan RS Pertamina, Balikpapan pada hari Sabtu 25 Juni 2011. Uang sekitar Rp 100 juta tiba-tiba hilang dari rekening, setelah kartu ATM-nya tertelan di mesin.<br />
Kamil menjelaskan pada Sabtu malam 25 Juni 2011, sekitar pukul 20.30 dia ke ATM untuk mengambil uang. Ternyata kartu ATMnya tertelan oleh mesin ATM. Di mesin ATM tersebut, tertulis untuk layanan bisa menelpon 14000 namun di sebelah nomor 14000 terdapat tulisan nomor telepon lokal lainnya yang bisa dihubungi. Ketika kami mencoba menghubungi 14000 tidak ada jawaban, sehingga dia menghubungi nomor telepon lokal tersebut. Nomor telepon lokal tersebut adalah 0542-7004647. Ternyata ada yang menjawab. Kamil pun langsung melaporkan bahwa kartu ATM-nya tertelan. Setelah beberapa pertanyaan dilontarkan, si penerima telepon meminta nomor rekening Kamil, berikut nomor PIN. Tanpa curiga, Kamil memberikannya.<br />
Senin 27 Juni 2011 pagi, Kamil berniat mengurus kartu ATM yang tertelan. Hasil print out buku tabungan, tercatat ada pengambilan dana dari rekeningnya sebesar Rp 100 juta. Waktu penarikan sesaat setelah kartu ATM-nya tertelan.<br />
Merasa telah kecolongan, Kamil pun melaporkan masalah tersebut pada polisi. &#8220;Dari keterangan di buku, pengambilan dana dilakukan secara transfer. Mudah-mudahan bisa ditelusuri rekening penerimanya,&#8221; ujar Kamil berharap.</p>
<p>3. Situs PSSI di Hack<br />
18 Maret 2011 Situs resmi Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia (PSSI) kembali di-hack. Para pelaku menamakan diri sebagai &#8216;Soldier of Allah&#8217;. Mereka mengganti tampilan halaman utama situs www.pssi-football.com.<br />
Situs PSSI kini berlatar belakang hitam. Pada tampilannya terdapat gambar bendera berwarna hitam dengan tulisan Arab berwarna putih. Di bawahnya tertera tulisan &#8216;Khilafah and Syariah, The Solution&#8217;.<br />
Tajuk itu disusul oleh tulisan yang diberi judul &#8216;Wangi Syuhada&#8217;. Pesan ini sama sekali tidak menyinggung konflik yang saat ini tengah melanda PSSI, melainkan lebih kepada berbagai puji-pujian kepada Allah dan perjuangan menegakkan syariah. Pesan juga disampaikan lewat audio berupa lagu berirama rap.<br />
Yang berkaitan, baru jelas terlihat saat pengguna mengarahkan cursor pada menu &#8216;Ketua Umum&#8217;. Barulah muncul artikel berjudul &#8216;Sepakbola dan Korupsi&#8217; plus &#8216;Ketua Umum PSSI Nurdin Halid dan Sekjen Nugraha Besoes&#8217; yang sudah direkayasa gambarnya sebagai pasangan pengantin baru.<br />
Di bagian paling bawah tertera kalimat penutup dengan bahasa Inggris: &#8216;Soldier of Allah Team Touch Your Site&#8217; yang kurang lebih berarti &#8216;Serdadu Allah Menyentuh Situs Anda&#8217;.<br />
Situs ini kembali di-hack pada Minggu 20 Maret 2011 siang sekitar pukul 14.00 WIB. Halaman depan situs organisasi tertinggi di Indonesia ini berubah dengan penampilan gambar berwajah tikus yang menggunakan dua pistol dan ada tulisan &#8216;Stop Korupsi&#8217;.<br />
Selain itu, dibawah gambar ada juga ada tulisan &#8216;Stop Korupsi &amp; Suap di Indonesia !! Hacked by Aktivis Tukang Gorengan Peduli Indonesia.&#8217; Tidak jelas apa tujuan, &#8216;hacker&#8217; ini menembus situs PSSI.<br />
Ini bukan kali pertama situs PSSI dihack. Pada 8 Maret 2011 lalu, situs federasi sepakbola nasional ini juga mengalami nasib yang sama. Namun saat itu, aksi hacker tidak sampai mengubah halaman depan situs itu.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Legalkah VPN? Legalkan OpenVPN ?</title>
		<link>http://xenin3.com/hello-world/</link>
		<comments>http://xenin3.com/hello-world/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Sep 2011 16:28:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>xenin3</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Umum]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Akhir-akhir ini banyak sekali yang menjual jasa internet gratis (tidak menyedot pulsa)dari simcard selular kita, terutama dari operator telkom**l dan indo**t. Tidak tanggung-tanggun dijual dengan sangat murah, mulai dari pemakai an per minggu atau perbulan. Perbulan ada yang mematok Rp. 25rb-50rb, perminggu mulai dari Rp, 10rb-15rb. Lokasi servernya pun bermacam-macam mulai server di US, atau [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Akhir-akhir ini banyak sekali yang menjual jasa internet gratis (tidak menyedot pulsa)dari simcard selular kita, terutama dari operator telkom**l dan indo**t. Tidak tanggung-tanggun dijual dengan sangat murah, mulai dari pemakai an per minggu atau perbulan. Perbulan ada yang mematok Rp. 25rb-50rb, perminggu mulai dari Rp, 10rb-15rb. Lokasi servernya pun bermacam-macam mulai server di US, atau di Eropa. Malah ada yang menyediakan VPN terhubung dengan IIX (jalur publik local indonesia).<span id="more-1"></span></p>
<p>Apa sih VPN ?</p>
<p><a href="http://s239.photobucket.com/albums/ff56/bugerubia/?action=view&amp;current=gambarVPN.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://i239.photobucket.com/albums/ff56/bugerubia/gambarVPN.jpg" alt="Photobucket" border="0" /></a></p>
<p>Seperti yang kita ketahui teknologi VPN (virtual private network), VLAN (virtual LAN), remote clien-server, adalah teknologi jaringan yang praktis dan dapat diimplementasikan dengan mudah. VPN dan VLAN sangat membantu dalam administrasi jaringan sebab komputer yang terhubung di jaringan LAN maupun internet dikelompokan lebih khusus dan mempunyai jalur khusus dari jalur yang sudah ada terbangun.</p>
<p>Mengapa VPN, VLAN dibutuhkan ?</p>
<p>Begini ceritanya. Jika di kantor semua komputer terhubung dengan server dan kita mengakses secara langsung ke server (menyimpan data, akses server, mengambil data, mail server, web server) tentunya sangat mudah sebab kita memang terhubung langsung dengan server baik melalui kabel ataupun secara wireless.</p>
<p>Nah pertanyaannya, jika kita akan mengakses server sedangkan kita berada di luar kota, atau di luar negeri bagaimana caranya ? Tentunya teknologi remote client-server dan teknologi VPN sangat membantu sebab kita dapat mengakses server dari jarak jauh. Bagaimana caranya ? Ya, kita menggunakan dial-up pake saluran telpon (kabel ataupun selular) dan menggunakan pulsa tentunya. Sebelum terjadi koneksi antara si client-server tentunya harus ada ‘pengenal’ antara si server dan si client, si client adalah computer yang sah dan mempunyai hak untuk mengakses server.</p>
<p>Selain menggunakan dial-up tentunya dapat menggunakan jaringan internet (jaringan public) untuk mengakses server. Dari jaringan internet yang sudah ada dibuatlah jaringan ‘virtual’ antara si server dan client. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode tunneling yaitu membuat selubung khusus dari jaringan yang sudah ada. Makanya koneksi jaringan internet pun sangat dibutuhkan dan sudah ada untuk membangung VPN(computer client sudah terhubung dengan internet).</p>
<p>Sebenarnya, yang terhubung dengan internet adalah server VPN sedangkan client hanya menggunakan fasilitas yang diberikan oleh server VPN. IP address yang terbaca dengan jaringan luar adalah server VPN sedangkan client berada dibelakang jaringan server VPN (NAT)</p>
<p>Beberapa keuntungan memakai VPN:</p>
<ul>
<li>Anda bisa berselancar di dunia maya dengan aman.</li>
<li>Anonymous Surfing on internet</li>
<li>Keamanan informasi yang Anda terima maupun yang Anda kirim di internet dengan enkripsi 128bit/2048bit</li>
<li>Dapat membuka blok untuk akses2 situs yang di blok dari IP indonesia</li>
<li>Proteksi dari Serangan Virus,Malware,Trojan,dll , karena semua itu butuh IP target dalam penyerangan, tapi dengan VPN, Virus,Malware,Trojan,dll hanya mengetahui IP server bukan IP Anda.</li>
<li>Menjaga keamanan User dan Password Anda dari sniffers</li>
<li>Bypass semua blok yang dilakukan ISP Anda, seperti download torrent dan leecher (tentunya jika server VPNnya ada di luar negeri)</li>
</ul>
<p>Sebenarnya legal kah yang dijual itu ? Apakah merugikan pihak operator selular ?</p>
<p>VPN sendiri legal dan yang menjual server VPN pun legal dengan syarat computer kita sudah terhubung dengan internet secara legal. OpenVPN juga legal dan gratis untuk pemakaian 2 client sedangkan lebih dari itu kita harus membayarnya. OpenVPN sendiri adalah software untuk membangun jaringan VPN. Dan ini adalah resmi/legal dan dapat digunakan oleh siapa saja secara gratis. Kita tinggal menyewa server VPN dan menggunakan openVPN sebagai softwarenya maka kita akan mudah terubung antara si client dan server.</p>
<p>Sedangkan yang marak dijual saat ini yang menggunakan port 54 dan 443 dan ‘numpang’ sinyal ke operator-operator selular adalah ‘semi ilegal’ <img src='http://xenin3.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' />  Mengapa ? Karena kita memanfaatkan kelemahan (bug) dari operator selular. APN (access point name) &#8211; chat*** untuk telkomsel dan indosat*** untuk indosat &#8211; yang digunakan untuk melakukan koneksi ini adalah apn yang memang dibuka oleh operator tersebut.</p>
<p>Menurut saya pihak selular dirugikan karena power digunakan oleh orang yang tidak semestinya, jalur BTS akan padat karena slot frekuensi akan terpakai, jika BTS penuh tentunya akan memakan daya yang lebih banyak dan trafik di suatu BTS akan padat. Secara pulsa maupun bandwidth memang tidak dirugikan karena sepenuhnya menggunakan bandwidth yang diberikan server VPN tapi tentunya BTS selular akan bertambah bebannya..</p>
<p><a href="http://transfer-ilmu.blogspot.com/2010/02/legalkah-vpn-legalkan-openvpn.html">sumber</a></p>
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